Rural-to-urban migration is one of the most significant socio-economic phenomena in Iran, exerting profound impacts on both rural and urban communities and arising from a complex interplay of social, psychological, economic, and political factors. This study aims to identify the push and pull factors of rural–urban migration from the perspectives of origin communities and translocal migrants. Employing a quantitative, descriptive–analytical, survey-based design, data were collected through a questionnaire with confirmed face validity and acceptable reliability (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.75). The statistical sample comprised 390 rural residents and 150 translocal migrants from Behbahan County. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS software. The results of factor analysis indicated that eight factors—employment–income, economic, educational, social, urban–rural discrimination, infrastructural, geographical–climatic, and cultural—explained 66.8% of the total variance for translocal migrants and 63% for the origin community. Employment–income and educational factors emerged as the most influential drivers of migration, whereas cultural and geographical–climatic factors had the least impact. The similarity of factor analysis results between the two groups suggests that translocal migrants, owing to their rural living experiences, familiarity with local challenges, and geographical and cultural proximity to the origin community, hold comparable perspectives. This shared viewpoint leads both groups to identify similar factors as the primary reasons for migration.