ابعاد انسانی حفاظت از منابع طبیعی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استاد ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی دانشگاه شیراز

2 استادیار گروه کشاورزی دانشگاه پیام نور تهران

چکیده

حفاظت از منابع طبیعی همواره موردتوجه سیاست‌گذاران قرار داشته، اما برنامه‌های اجراشده در راستای مدیریت این منابع زیستی با توفیق چندانی همراه نبوده‌اند، به‌نحوی‌که تخریب منابع آب، خاک، جنگل و سکونت‏گاه‌های طبیعی در چند دهه اخیر افزایش‌یافته است. همین امر موجب نگرانی اندیشمندان مختلف گردیده است. برخی صاحب‌نظران بر این باورند که جهان در آستانه اتمام منابع طبیعی قرار دارد. در این میان، هرچند نقش مداخله‌گری‌های انسانی در افزایش تخریب منابع زیستی موردپذیرش قرارگرفته، اما سیاست‌گذاری‌های انجام‌شده درزمینه‌ی حفاظت منابع طبیعی همچنان بر مبنای تفکرات سنتی فایده نگر طرح‌ریزی می‌گردند که در آن، تخریب منابع به‌عنوان فرایندی طبیعی تلقی می‌شود و نقش انسان‌ها در شکل‌گیری تغییرات زیست‌محیطی نادیده انگاشته می‌شود. بنابراین، دستیابی به اهداف حفاظت پایدار منابع زیستی نیازمند بازاندیشی در این شیوه تفکر و رویکرد به اندیشه‌های معاصر می‌باشد. به‌منظور حفظ منابع طبیعی می‌بایست در نگرشی سیستمی و جامع‌نگر، رابطه نظام اجتماعی- بوم نظام موردتوجه قرارگرفته و بر نقش ابعاد انسانی در سازگاری با بوم نظام تأکید شود. همچنین حفاظت منابع طبیعی دارای بنیانی فرهنگی می‌باشد. بنابراین، تبیین رابطه فرهنگ و ارزش‌ها و نگرش‌های برآمده از آن با سیاست‌گذاری، تولید، نشر و به‌کارگیری برنامه‌های حفاظتی ضروری است.  

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Natural Resources Conservation: The Human Dimensions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ezat allah Karami 1
  • Marziyeh Keshavarz 2
1 Professor, Department. of Agricultural Extension and Education, Shiraz University
2 Assistant Professor, Department. of Agriculture, Payame Noor University, Tehran
چکیده [English]

Despite increasing attention to natural resources conservation, protection measures and polices have not been successful. As a result, water, soil, forest and natural habitats’ loss and degradation have increased during the last decades. These degradations of natural resources have raised serious concern. Some believe that the world is running out of natural resources. Also, there is an increasing awareness towards human interventions which inevitably contribute to intensified environmental destruction due to environment policies that grew from the technocratic utilitarianism. This approach considers the natural resources degradation as a part of the natural functioning of the nature and ignores the people-environment interaction. Sustainability is achieved if the conservation policies are considered in light of comtemporary conservation views. Contemporary natural resource management is expanding its focus as a result of the dynamic interchange between conservationists and local people. To attain this goal, it is imperative to pay adequate attention to the social-ecological integration in a systematic and inclusive manner, and understand the humanistic aspects of ecological adaptation. Therefore, the role of culture, values and attitudes in the process of planning, dissemination and implementation of conservation programs must be noticed.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Natural Resources Conservation
  • Human Dimension
  • Comtemporary Views
  • Social-Ecological Relationship
  • culture
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