Undoubtedly, water is the cornerstone of agricultural development; however, due to the growing challenges and complexities in water resource management, attention has increasingly shifted toward participatory water management, which has become a necessity. The success of participatory management depends on various factors, and a clear understanding of these determinants is essential. Numerous studies have discussed these factors from different perspectives. Accordingly, the main objective of this study (conducted using the content analysis method) was to identify and analyze the factors influencing participatory management of agricultural water resources in Iran. To this end, eligible sources (scientific journal articles and conference papers) published in Persian between 2002 and 2023 were selected for analysis. Based on the content analysis of 68 selected studies, a total of five categories and 47 key concepts related to the research topic were identified and extracted. These factors were grouped into five main categories: psychological-social, financial-supportive, educational-extension, technical-infrastructural, and policy-managerial. Among these, the psychological-social factor ranked highest in terms of the number and frequency of concepts identified.