سیارخلج، ح.، هاشمیانفر، س.ع.، صالحی، ص.، و عبداللهی، ع. (1401). ادراک کشاورزان از موانع و تسهیل کننده های اجتماعی سازگاری با تغییرات آب و هوایی. جامعه شناسی اقتصادی و توسعه، سال 11، شماره 2، صص 55-25. https://doi.org/10.22034/JEDS.2022.50621.1623
شحیتاوی، ع.، سواری، م.، و برادران، م. (1403). تببین برداشت کشاورزان از مفهوم خشکسالی و راهبردهای مقابله با آن در شهرستان باوی. نشریه علمی خشک بوم، دوره 14، شماره 2، صص 91-75. https//:doi.org/10.29252/aridbiom.2025.21317.2003
شرفی، ل.، و زرافشانی، ک. (1390). ارزیابی آسیبپذیری اقتصادی و اجتماعی کشاورزان نسبت به خشکسالی (مطالعه موردی: گندمکاران شهرستانهای کرمانشاه، صحنه و روانسر).
فصلنامه پژوهشهای روستایی، دوره 1، شماره 4، صص 154- 129. قابل دسترسی در آدرس اینترنتی: <
https://jrur.ut.ac.ir/article_22689_4ad7ad7094f67e4cc36f375c4fe11004.pdf>
فلاحی، م.، منصوری، م.، علیقادری، ر.، و صالحی، ح. (1398). پهنه بندی و تحلیل خشکسالی در استان لرستان با استفاده از شاخص های خشکسالی.
فصلنامه جغرافیا و روابط انسانی، دوره 2، شماره 6، صص 219-200.قابل دسترسی در آدرس اینترنتی:
https://www.gahr.ir/article_97403.html>>.
نیک مهر، س.، و زیبایی، م. (1399). ارزیابی اثرات تغییر اقلیم بر شرایط هیدرولوژیکی و اقتصادی زیر حوضه کرخه جنوبی.
اقتصاد و توسعه کشاورزی، دوره 1، شماره 34 صص 79-63.
https://doi.org/10.22067/jead2.v33i4.84531 .
نیسی، م.، بیژنی، م.، عباسی، ع.، و محمودی، ح. (1399). تأثیر دیدگاه زمانی کشاورزان بر رفتار مدیریت ریسک خشکسالی آنان در ، حوضه پایاب سد کرخه. مجله تحقیقات اقتصاد و توسعه کشاورزی ایران، دوره 51، شماره 1، صص 148-133. https://doi.org/
10.22059/ijaedr.2019.284604.668783
Adzawla, W., and Baumuller, H. (2021). Effects of livelihood diversification on gendered climate vulnerability in northern Ghana. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 23, 923-946. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-020-00614-3
Aribi, F., and Sghaier, M. (2021). Livelihood vulnerability assessment to climate change and variability: The case of farm households in South-East Tunisia. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 23, 12631-12658. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-020-01172-4
Balaganesh, G., Malhotra, R., Sendhil, R., Sirohi, S., Maiti, S., Ponnusamy, K., and Sharma, A. K. (2020). Development of composite vulnerability index and district level mapping of climate change induced drought in Tamil Nadu, India.
Ecological Indicators, 113, 106197.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106197
Bevacqua, A., Yu, D., and Zhang, Y. (2018). Coastal vulnerability: Evolving concepts in understanding vulnerable people and places.
Environmental Science & Policy,
82, 19-29.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2018.01.006
Birhanu, Z., Ambelu, A., Berhanu, N., Tesfaye, A., and Woldemichael, K. (2017). Understanding resilience dimensions and adaptive strategies to the impact of recurrent droughts in Borana Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia: A grounded theory approach.
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14(2), 118.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14020118
Bohm, A. (2004). Theoretical coding: Text analysis in grounded theory. In: Dans U. Flick, E. von Kardorf, & I. Steinke (Eds), A companion to qualitative research (pp. 270–275). London: Sage. Available at: <http://www.sxf. uevora.pt/wpcontent/uploads/2013/03/B%C3%B6hm_2004>.
Cassell, C., and Johnson, P. (2006). Action research: Explaining the diversity.
Human Relations,
59(6), 783-814.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726706067080
Chowdhury, J. A. S., Khalek, M. A., and Kamruzzaman, M. (2025). Farmers’ climate change perception, impacts and adaptation strategies in response to drought in the Northwest area of Bangladesh.
Climate Services, 38, 100540.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cliser.2025.100540
Corbin, J. M., and Strauss, A. (1990). Grounded theory research: Procedures, canons, and evaluative criteria.
Qualitative Sociology, 13(1), 3-21.
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00988593
Cochran, A., Neumayer, L. A., and Elder, W. B. (2019). Barriers to careers identified by women in academic surgery: A grounded theory model.
The American Journal of Surgery, 218(4), 780-785.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjsurg.2019.07.015
Engstrom, J., Jafarzadegan, K., and Moradkhani, H. (2020). Drought vulnerability in the United States: An integrated assessment.
Water, 12(7), 2033.
https://doi.org/10.3390/w12072033
Faizi, M., Maryono, M., and Hermawan, F. (2024). Drought in Afghanistan: Exploring the vulnerability and drought coping capacity of the farmers of Arabmazari village, Chamtal district, Balkh Province, Afghanistan. Journal of Bioresources and Environmental Sciences, 3(1), 1-13. Doi: https://10.14710/jbes.2024.19776.
Germain C., and Knight C. (2021). The Ecological Perspective. In: The life model of social work practice, (PP. 54–81). Columbia: University of Columbia.
Guha, T., and Hazra, S. (2024). Social vulnerability to drought: A spatiotemporal assessment in purulia district, West Bengal, India.
International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 113, 104846.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104846
Ho, T. D., Kuwornu, J. K., & Tsusaka, T. W. (2022). Factors influencing smallholder rice farmers’ vulnerability to climate change and variability in the Mekong Delta Region of Vietnam. The European Journal of Development Research, 34(1), 272-302. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41287-021-00371-7
Hoque, M. A. A., Pradhan, B., Ahmed, N., and Sohel, M. S. I. (2021). Agricultural drought risk assessment of Northern New South Wales, Australia using geospatial techniques.
Science of the Total Environment, 756, 143600.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143600
Karimi, V., Karami, E., and Keshavarz, M. (2018). Climate change and agriculture: Impacts and adaptive responses in Iran.
Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 17(1), 1-15.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S2095-3119(17)61794-5
Liu, X., Zhou, J., Xue, Y., and Qian, S. (2019). Analysis of property management ecological behavior in China based on the grounded theory: The influencing factors and the behavior model.
Journal of Cleaner Production, 235, 44-56.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.06.300
Maru, H., Haileslassie, A., Zeleke, T., and Esayas, B. (2021). Analysis of smallholders’ livelihood vulnerability to drought across agroecology and farm typology in the upper awash sub-basin, Ethiopia.
Sustainability, 13(17), 9764.
https://doi.org/10.3390/su13179764
Mohmmed, A., Li, J., Elaru, J., Elbashier, M. M., Keesstra, S., Artemi, C., Martin, K., Reuben, M., and Teffera, Z. (2018). Assessing drought vulnerability and adaptation among farmers in Gadaref region, Eastern Sudan.
Land use policy, 70, 402-413.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2017.11.027
Mukasa, J., Olaka, L., and Yahya Said, M. (2020). Drought households’ adaptive capacity to water scarcity in Kasali, Uganda.
Journal of Water and Climate Change. 11, 217-232.
https://doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2020.012
Mu, L., Fang, L., Liu, Y., and Wang, C. (2020). Identifying barriers and enablers for climate change adaptation of farmers in semi-arid North-Western China.
Sustainability, 12(18), 7494. <
https://doi.org/10.3390/su12187494>.
Phiri, A., Chipeta, G. T., and Chawinga, W. D. (2019). Information needs and barriers of rural smallholder farmers in developing countries: A case study of rural smallholder farmers in Malawi.
Information Development, 35(3), 421-434.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0266666918755222
Raymond, C. M., and Robinson, G. M. (2013). Factors affecting rural landholders’ adaptation to climate change: Insights from formal institutions and communities of practice.
Global environmental change, 23(1), 103-114.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2012.11.004
Saha, S., Kundu, B., Paul, G. C., and Pradhan, B. (2023). Proposing an ensemble machine learning based drought vulnerability index using M5P, dagging, random sub-space and rotation forest models. Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment, 37(7), 2513-2540. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00477-023-02403-6.
Tefera, E. Y., Mencho, B. B., and Terefe, B. (2025). Rural households’ vulnerability to climate variability and adaptation strategies in the case of Begemdir District, Amhara Region, Ethiopia. Environmental Management, 75(1), 124-136. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-024-02079
Thomas, T., Jaiswal, R. K., Galkate, R., Nayak, P. C., and Ghosh, N. C. (2016). Drought indicators-based integrated assessment of drought vulnerability: A case study of Bundelkhand droughts in central India. Natural Hazards, 81(3), 1627-1652. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-016-2149-8
Xudong, J., and Liang, H. (2020). The" jungle", history, and approach road of the grounded theory. Science Research Management, 41(5), 151. Available at: <https://www.kygl.net.cn/EN/abstract/abstract22104.shtml>.
Yang, Y., Dai, E., Yin, J., Jia, L., Zhang, P., and Sun, J. (2024). Spatial and temporal evolution patterns of droughts in China over the past 61 years based on the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index.
Water, 16(7), 1012.
https://doi.org/10.3390/w16071012
Yu, X., Liu, W., Qing, L., and Zhang, D. (2023). Improving farm cooperatives’ performance and sustainability: A study of agricultural managers’ competencies based on the grounded theory and the fsQCA methods.
Sustainability, 15(2), 1263.
https://doi.org/10.3390/su15021263
Zobeidi, T., Yaghoubi, J., and Yazdanpanah, M. (2022). Developing a paradigm model for the analysis of farmers' adaptation to water scarcity. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 24(4), 5400-5425. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-021-01663